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BACBI ─ Genocide
(1) Resources (oldest first):
(2) Articles: below (latest first)
¶ « Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. » [1951] Approved and proposed for signature and ratification or accession by General Assembly resolution 260 A (III) of 9 December 1948. Entry into force: 12 January 1951, in accordance with article XIII. click here! Having considered the declaration made by the General Assembly of the United Nations in its resolution 96 (I) dated 11 December 1946 that genocide is a crime under international law, contrary to the spirit and aims of the United Nations and condemned by the civilized world, ─ recognizing that at all periods of history genocide has inflicted great losses on humanity, and ─ being convinced that, in order to liberate mankind from such an odious scourge, international co-operation is required, hereby agree as hereinafter provided...
Alexander Hinton: « Both Israel and Palestinian supporters accuse the other side of genocide – here’s what the term actually means » (The Conversation, Nov 7, 2023: click here! Is genocide taking place in the Middle East? ...I am a scholar of genocide studies. As the Israel-Hamas conflict grinds on amid continuing genocide allegations, it’s crucial to understand what genocide actually is and how this term has been used for political purposes in the past.
Roundtable « Genocide in Gaza: Global Culpability and Ways Forward » by Yara Hawari, Tariq Kenney-Shawa, Fathi Nimer, Alaa Tartir (Al-Shabaka, November 7, 2023): click here! Introduction: The Israeli regime’s ongoing genocide in Gaza has caused widespread devastation across the besieged area. Heavy bombardment has killed thousands of Palestinians and displaced over one million; those that have survived thus far are largely without electricity or sufficient water and food supplies. Estimates are that nearly half of all of Gaza’s buildings have been damaged or destroyed. Palestinians have reaffirmed consistently that there is no safe place in Gaza, and that this current assault by the Israeli military is only the latest in over 75 years of attempted ethnic cleansing...
Linda KINSTLER, « “Never Again” After October 7th » (Jewish Currents, November 29, 2023): click here! Scholars of the Holocaust discuss the mobilization of Jewish memory in the wake of Hamas’s attacks and Israel’s war on Gaza.
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- Middle East Monitor, Dec 29, 2023: « Renowned Holocaust historian and genocide expert says ethnic cleansing in Gaza becoming genocidal. » An Israeli-American Holocaust professor says Israel is ethnically cleansing the civilian population of Gaza. OMER BARTOV, professor of Holocaust and genocide studies at Brown University, says Israeli politicians and military leaders have been making statements ‘that echoed genocidal intent’ like referring to Gazans as ‘human animals’ and saying they will ‘wipe them out’ and ‘flatten Gaza’."
- Ali ABUNIMAH: « Germany supports genocide – again » (EI, January 14, 2024): click here!
Namibia is hitting back hard at Germany’s decision to defend Israel’s genocide in Gaza at the World Court. “On Namibian soil, Germany committed the first genocide of the 20th century in 1904-1908, in which tens of thousands of innocent Namibians died in the most inhumane and brutal conditions,” Hage Geingob, president of the southwest African nation, said on Saturday. “The German government is yet to fully atone for the genocide it committed on Namibian soil.” “In light of Germany’s inability to draw lessons from its horrific history,” Geingob sharply denounced Berlin’s “shocking decision” to reject “the morally upright indictment brought forward by South Africa before the International Court of Justice that Israel is committing genocide against Palestinians in Gaza.”
- Meron RAPOPORT: « The ‘second Nakba’ government seizes its moment » (+972, January 2): click here!
Israeli leaders are explicit about reusing the methods of 1948 in Gaza today. But what didn’t quell the Palestinians then will not do so now.
- Pavan KULKARNI: It is clear that Israel is committing genocide in Gaza, UN-Panel concludes" (people's dispatch, Dec 18, 2023): click here!
While the ‘physical element’ of genocide is being documented and broadcast daily, the ‘mental element’ – i.e the intent behind the mass killing – which is more difficult to establish, has been repeatedly clarified by the leaders of Israeli government and military. click here!
- "War on Gaza: South Africa launches International Court of Justice case accusing Israel of genocide" (Middle East Eye Staff, Dec 29, 2023): click here!
─ The International Court of Justice, press release 2023/77, December 29, 2023: "The Republic of South Africa institutes proceedings against the State of Israel and requests the Court to indicate provisional measures", click here!
─ "APPLICATION INSTITUTING PROCEEDINGS", 84p., 28 Dec 2023: click here!
South Africa on Friday launched a case for the International Court of Justice (ICJ) to declare that Israel is committing genocide against Palestinians in its military campaign in Gaza. The submission from Cape Town, which says that Israel is in breach of its obligations under the Genocide Convention, calls for a halt to Israel's military operations in the besieged enclave. It said such an order is "necessary in this case to protect against further, severe and irreparable harm to the rights of the Palestinian people". "Israel has engaged in, is engaging in and risks further engaging in genocidal acts against the Palestinian people in Gaza," South Africa's application said. It said it had requested that the ICJ declare "on an urgent basis that Israel is in breach of its obligations in terms of the Genocide Convention, should immediately cease all acts and measures in breach of those obligations and take a number of related actions". The submission is the latest move by South Africa to put pressure on Israel to end its war on Gaza. Last month, lawmakers in the country voted in favour of closing down the Israeli embassy in Pretoria and severing diplomatic ties with Israel until a ceasefire was agreed upon.
- [Avi SHLAIM]: « Arabisch-Joods historicus Avi Shlaim: “In Israël is iedereen zijn verstand verloren” » (de Standaard, Dec 23, 2023): click here!
 “Ik ben extreem geschokt.” De Arabisch-Joodse historicus Avi Shlaim (78) is wel wat gewoon, hij volgt het Israëlisch-Palestijnse conflict al meer dan vier decennia. Maar de dagelijkse bommenregen boven Gaza verbijstert hem. “Ik vrees dat een etnische zuivering het finale doel is.”
- Amanda GELENDER: « Palestine is the genocide that we as Jewish people can halt » (Middle East Eye, Nov 24, 2023): click here!
We cannot allow the moral soul of Judaism to perish with our collective silence on Israel's genocidal war on Palestinians in Gaza.
- Rabea EGHBARIAH: « The Harvard Law Review Refused to Run This Piece About Genocide in Gaza » (AURDIP, Nov 23, 2023): click here!
The piece was nearing publication when the journal decided against publishing it. You can read the article here. Genocide is a crime. It is a legal framework. It is unfolding in Gaza. And yet, the inertia of legal academia, especially in the United States, has been chilling. Clearly, it is much easier to dissect the case law rather than navigate the reality of death. It is much easier to consider genocide in the past tense rather than contend with it in the present. Legal scholars tend to sharpen their pens after the smell of death has dissipated and moral clarity is no longer urgent. Some may claim that the invocation of genocide, especially in Gaza, is fraught. But does one have to wait for a genocide to be successfully completed to name it? This logic contributes to the politics of denial. When it comes to Gaza, there is a sense of moral hypocrisy that undergirds Western epistemological approaches, one which mutes the ability to name the violence inflicted upon Palestinians. But naming injustice is crucial to claiming justice. If the international community takes its crimes seriously, then the discussion about the unfolding genocide in Gaza is not a matter of mere semantics.
- Richard SILVERSTEIN: « Former IDF Commander Calls for Gaza Genocide » (R.S., Nov 20, 2023): click here!
Maj. Gen. Giora Eiland argues inflicting disease and starvation will hasten Gaza's surrender.
- Umar A FAROOQ: « Israel-Palestine war: Palestinians sue Biden for failing to prevent 'unfolding genocide' in Gaza» (Middle East Eye, Nov 14, 2023): click here!
A group of Palestinians and human rights organisations have filed a lawsuit to force Washington to stop its support of Israel's assault on Gaza .
- Craig MURRAY: « Activating the Genocide Convention » (C.M., Nov 13, 2023): click here!
There are 149 states party to the Genocide Convention. Every one of them has the right to call out the genocide in progress in Gaza and report it to the United Nations. In the event that another state party disputes the claim of genocide – and Israel, the United States and the United Kingdom are all states party – then the International Court of Justice is required to adjudicate on “the responsibility of a State for genocide”.
- Ihsan ADEL & Katherine GALLAGHER: « Genocide in Gaza: A call to urgent global action » (AlJazeera, Nov 12, 2023): click here!
 To understand what is transpiring in Gaza, we must turn to the key legal frameworks that define genocide: Article 6 of the Rome Statute for the International Criminal Court and Article 2 of the Genocide Convention.
- Omer BARTOV: « What I Believe as a Historian of Genocide » (The New York Times, Nov 10, 2023): click here!
Israeli military operations have created an untenable humanitarian crisis, which will only worsen over time. But are Israel’s actions — as the nation’s opponents argue — verging on ethnic cleansing or, most explosively, genocide? As a historian of genocide, I believe that there is no proof that genocide is currently taking place in Gaza, although it is very likely that war crimes, and even crimes against humanity, are happening. That means two important things: First, we need to define what it is that we are seeing, and second, we have the chance to stop the situation before it gets worse. We know from history that it is crucial to warn of the potential for genocide before it occurs, rather than belatedly condemn it after it has taken place. I think we still have that time. [ pocket.com]
- Mohammad Hadi ZAKERHOSSEIN: « An Appeal to Address the Failure in Preventing Genocide in Gaza through the International Court of Justice » in: Opinio Juris, 10.11.2023: click here!
This article aims to explore the pressing issue of genocide prevention in Gaza, emphasizing the responsibility of states party to the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide to take all necessary measures to prevent genocide. It also discusses the possibility of filing a complaint against states party allied with Israel before the International Court of Justice (ICJ) for their failure to prevent genocide.
- Jonathan OFIR, Yonatan SHAPIRA and Ofer NEIMAN : « Do not dismiss the Gaza genocide allegations » (Mondoweiss, Nov 9, 2023): click here!
Eitay Mack's Haaretz article "Israel Is Not Committing Genocide in Gaza" ignores the genocidal clarity of Israeli leaders and serves as a cherry-picked broadside against the fashionable bogeyman of "the global left."
- Mohsen AL ATTAR: « Public Statement: Scholars Warn of Potential Genocide in Gaza » in: Opinio Juris, 18.10.2023: click here!
In a world where powerful states are becoming more brazen in their impunity, it is crucial to give voice to those who resist. Along with nearly 800 lawyers, scholars, and practitioners, representing a diverse range of perspectives from academia and practice, I have signed a statement warning of the possibility of genocide in Gaza, Palestine. This open letter underscores the gravity of the situation, pinpointing multiple instances where the state of Israel appears to have breached international law, in full public view and frequently with the endorsement of a certain political class and a servile media. It is imperative we address these transgressions and hold accountable those who act with disregard for international law and for basic human decency, however flawed these might be. I urge every reader to reflect on this statement and the implications of what is happening for us, for international law, and, most of all, for the Palestinian people.
- Raz SEGAL: « A Textbook Case of Genocide » Israel has been explicit about what it’s carrying out in Gaza. Why isn’t the world listening? » (Jewish Currents, 13 Oct, 2023): click here!
On Friday, Israel ordered the besieged population in the northern half of the Gaza Strip to evacuate to the south, warning that it would soon intensify its attack on the Strip’s upper half. The order has left more than a million people, half of whom are children, frantically attempting to flee amid continuing airstrikes, in a walled enclave where no destination is safe. PS Raz Segal is adjunct-professor 'Holocaust en Genocidestudies' aan de Stockton University in de VS.
- Alexander HINTON: « Both Israel and Palestinian supporters accuse the other side of genocide – here’s what the term actually means » (The Conversation, Nov 7, 2023: click here!
Is genocide taking place in the Middle East? ...I am a scholar of genocide studies. As the Israel-Hamas conflict grinds on amid continuing genocide allegations, it’s crucial to understand what genocide actually is and how this term has been used for political purposes in the past.
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Current Affairs
- * "Why Do Children in Gaza Write Their Names on Their Hands?" (The Palestine Chronicle, Oct 19, 2023).
- DCI-P: "Israeli airstrikes kill at least 140 Palestinian children in Gaza" (DCI-P, Oct 12, 2023).
- Maureen Clare MURPHY: "Israel kills six Palestinians in West Bank and Gaza" (EI, 20 Sept, 2023).
- Maureen Clare MURPHY: "Israeli forces kill two in Aqbat Jabr camp" (EI, 15 August, 2023).
- DCI-P: "Israeli forces kill, withhold body of 15-year-old Palestinian boy" (DCI-P, August 2, 2023).
- "Israeli Forces Kill Two Palestinian Teenagers" (teleSUR, 21 July 2023).
- DCI-P: "Israeli forces blind 3 Palestinian children with live ammunition, stun grenade" (DCI-P, 20 July, 2023).
Ali ABUNIMAH: "Israel seeks revenge with Jenin invasion" (EI, 3 July, 2023). Amira HASS: "Adam, Fuad, Abdullah, Omar: The 28 Palestinian Kids Killed by Israeli Forces This Year" (Haaretz, 12 June 2023). Tamara NASSAR: "Israel kills municipal worker, resistance fighters in Balata refugee camp" (The Electronic Intifada, 22 May 2023). "Invading Israeli forces kill 4 Palestinians including young woman in Nablus" (Israel-Palestine News, May 4, 2023). "Israeli Soldiers Kill A Palestinian Child, Injure Two Young Men, In Refugee Camp In Jericho" (IMEMC, April 10, 2023). Maureen Clare MURPHY: "Israeli death squad kills four in Jenin" (The Electronic Intifada, 16 March, 2023). "Teen among four Palestinians killed by Israeli forces in West Bank raids" (Middle East Eye, 9 March, 2023)."2023 Huwara rampage" (Wikipedia, 3 March, 2023). Maureen Clare MURPHY: "Israel kills 11 in daytime raid on Nablus" (The Electronic Intifada, 22 Feb 2023).Tamara NASSAR: "Israel kills another child in the West Bank" (The Electronic Intifada, 9 Feb 2023). "Un assassinat par jour : c’est ça le colonialisme israélien que nous devons combattre !" (CAPJPO-Europalestine, 17 janvier, 2023). Tamara NASSAR: "Israel kills three children as 2023 dawns" (The Electronic Intifada, 5 January, 2023). Mariam BARGHOUTI: "Invading Israeli forces assassinate 5 more Palestinians in two days, including 16-yr-old" (Israel-Palestine News, Dec 8, 2022). "Israel soldier executes Palestinian youth in cold blood " (MEMo, Dec 2, 2022). Gideon LEVY & Alex LEVAC: "A Palestinian Boy Went Out With Friends. An Israeli Soldier Shot Him in the Head" (Haaretz, Oct 15, 2022). Yumna PATEL & Mariam BARGHOUTI: "Israeli forces kill four Palestinians in occupied West Bank, including two brothers" (Mondoweiss, Nov 29, 2022). Motasem A DALLOUL: "Who's going to stop the madness of extremist ministers of next Israeli government? " (Haaretz, Nov 11, 2022). Jack KHOURY & Hagar SHEZAF: "14-year-old Among Two Palestinian Teens Killed Within Hours of Each Other by IDF Fire in West Bank" (Haaretz, Nov 11, 2022). Gideon LEVY & Alex LEVAC: "This Palestinian Teen Was Shot Twice, Cuffed and Detained by Israeli Troops – Then Released" (Haaretz, Sept 2, 2022). "Invading Israeli soldiers kill Palestinian photographing them, Injure 17 in Jenin" (Israel-Palestine News, Sept 6, 2022). Defense for Children International-Palestine: "Israeli settler, soldier shoot and kill Palestinian boy" (DCIP, August 1, 2022). Tamara NASSAR: "Israeli forces kill fleeing Palestinian child" (EI, 6 July, 2022). Maureen Clare MURPHY: "Israel executes three Palestinians in Jenin" (The Electronic Intifada, June 18, 2022). "Thirteen Palestinian children killed in the West Bank since January 2022" (UNICEF, May 29, 2022). "Israeli forces use Palestinian girl as a human shield in Jenin" (Defense for Children International-Palestine, May 19, 2022). Shatha HAMMAD: "Israeli forces fatally shoot two young Palestinians in occupied West Bank" (Middle East Eye, April 13, 2022). "Israel kills Palestinian boy in Jenin raid" (MEMo, March 31, 2022).Staat van Beleg: " Israëlische Schendingen februari 2022 " (7 maart 2022). Jesse Rosenfeld, Oren Ziv & Ahmad Al-Bazz : "Triple West Bank assassination recalls darkest days of the Intifada" (+972, Feb 15, 2022).Jack Khoury & Yaniv Kubovich: "Man Killed by Israeli Fire Near Ramallah, Palestinian Health Ministry Says" (Haaretz, Feb 15, 2022).
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